C : Scope of cstdio library and stdio.h header file

Objectives: Streaming with C and C++

• C Programming: The library (cstring) holding header files(like stdio.h), which allow Input and output operation. C programming follows top-down steps, 
  • example
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
• C++ Programming : Being a true object oriented programming language, input and output operation are carried with classes listed below.
  • example
    #include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

  • The sequence of characters of C string manipulation is static and unsafe, comparing with C++. The string class in C++ is a part of standard library and embedded in namespace "std".

String Input and Output operation with C and C++ library

C++  String constructors create strings from arrays of characters and other strings  String operators concatenate strings, assign strings, use strings for I/O, compare strings append append characters and strings onto a string  assign give a string values from strings of characters and other C++ strings  at returns an element at a specific location  begin returns an iterator to the beginning of the string c_str returns a standard C character array version of the string  capacity returns the number of elements that the string can hold  clear removes all elements from the string compare compares two strings copy copies characters from a string into an array  data returns a pointer to the first character of a string  empty true if the string has no elements  end returns an iterator just past the last element of a string  erase removes elements from a string  find find characters in the string  find_first_not_of find first absence of characters  find_first_of find first occurrence of characters find_last_not_of find last absence of characters  find_last_of find last occurrence of characters  getline read data from an I/O stream into a string  insert insert characters into a string  length returns the length of the string max_size returns the maximum number of elements that the string can hold  push_back add an element to the end of the string  rbegin returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the string  rend returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the string replace replace characters in the string  reserve sets the minimum capacity of the string  resize change the size of the string  rfind find the last occurrence of a substring  size returns the number of items in the string substr returns a certain substring  swap swap the contents of this string with another

Standard C String and Character  atof converts a string to a double  atoi converts a string to an integer  atol converts a string to a long  isalnum true if a character is alphanumeric  isalpha true if a character is alphabetic  iscntrl true if a character is a control character  isdigit true if a character is a digit  isgraph true if a character is a graphical character  islower true if a character is lowercase  isprint true if a character is a printing character  ispunct true if a character is punctuation  isspace true if a character is a space character isupper true if a character is an uppercase character  isxdigit true if a character is a hexidecimal character  memchr searches an array for the first occurrence of a character  memcmp compares two buffers  memcpy copies one buffer to another memmove moves one buffer to another  memset fills a buffer with a character strcat.html"> strcat concatenates two strings  strchr finds the first occurance of a character in a string strcmp compares two strings strcoll compares two strings in accordance to the current locale strcpy copies one string to another strcspn searches one string for any characters in another  strerror returns a text version of a given error code  strlen returns the length of a given string  strncat concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings strncmp compares a certain amount of characters of two strings  strncpy copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another  strpbrk finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string  strrchr finds the last occurance of a character in a string  strspn returns the length of a substring of characters of a string  strstr finds the first occurance of a substring of characters  strtod converts a string to a double  strtok finds the next token in a string  strtol converts a string to a long  strtoul converts a string to an unsigned long strxfrm converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions  tolower converts a character to lowercase  toupper converts a character to uppercase